How Does Solar Work?

Solar Panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, are devices that convert sunlight into electricity. They are made up of solar cells, which are typically made from silicon, a semiconductor material. When sunlight strikes these cells, it generates an electrical current due to the photovoltaic effect.

Here's a breakdown of how solar panels work:

• Absorption of sunlight: Solar panels are made up of multiple solar cells, each containing layers of semiconductor materials. These materials absorb photons from sunlight.
• Generation of electricity: When sunlight hits the solar cells, it knocks electrons loose from their atoms. This generates an electric current as electrons flow through the semiconductor material.
• Direct current (DC) conversion: The electricity generated by the solar cells is in the form of direct current (DC). However, most household appliances and the power grid use alternating current (AC). So, an inverter is used to convert the DC electricity into AC electricity, making it compatible with household use.
• Transmission of electricity: Once the electricity is converted into AC, it can be used to power homes, businesses, and other electrical devices. Excess electricity can be fed back into the grid, often through net metering arrangements, where homeowners are credited for the electricity they contribute.

Key features and components of solar panels include:

• Solar cells: These are the individual units within the solar panel that convert sunlight into electricity. They are typically made of silicon, although there are other types of solar cells such as thin-film and organic cells.
• Glass cover: Solar panels are covered with a tempered glass sheet to protect the solar cells from the elements while allowing sunlight to pass through.
• Frame: Solar panels are mounted within a frame, usually made of aluminum, which provides structural support and allows for easy installation.
• Backsheet: This is a protective layer on the back of the solar panel, often made of polymer or another material, to protect the solar cells from moisture and damage.
• Bypass diodes: These diodes minimize power loss in situations where part of the solar panel is shaded or not receiving sunlight.
• Anti-reflective coating: Some solar panels have an anti-reflective coating on the glass cover to improve light absorption and efficiency.

Overall, solar panels offer a clean and renewable source of electricity generation, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and helping to mitigate climate change. They are widely used in residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications around the world.